性能描述

Biochem/physiol Actions

Ganciclovir is a pro-drug nucleoside analog that is activated by phosphorylation. It is useful in the study of gene therapy in cancer research.

Upon expression of a viral suicide gene encoding thymidine kinase, the non-toxic pro-drug is converted to a phosphorylated active analog and is incorporated into the DNA of replicating eukaryotic cells, causing death of the malignant dividing cell.1 The cell cycle is irreversibly arrested at the G2-M checkpoint.2 Gap junction involvement in the ganciclovir bystander effect has been studied.Ganciclovir has been used to study loss of telomeres4 and to evaluate sensitivity of viruses to antiviral treatments.

Application

Ganciclovir is used in molecular biology for selection against random recombination events when homologous recombination of a gene of interest is required.

细胞内的丙氧鸟苷经脱氧鸟苷激酶作用被磷酸化为丙氧鸟苷的一价磷酸盐，也可被一些细胞激酶进一步磷酸化为三价磷酸盐，在被巨细胞病毒感染的细胞内丙氧鸟苷可被优先磷酸化。丙氧鸟苷三价磷酸盐的代谢非常缓慢，从细胞外液分离后18 hr尚可保存 60～70%。其抑制病毒DNA合成的机制在于1.竞争抑制脱氧鸟苷的三价磷酸盐与DNA聚合酶的结合，2.丙氧鸟苷的三价磷酸盐与病毒DNA的结合最终导致DNA延长的停止。从接受本药治疗的巨细胞病毒感染患者中发现，巨细胞病毒可以产生急性抗药性。丙氧鸟苷是化学合成的鸟嘌呤类似物，能够阻止疱疹病毒的复制。对其敏感的病毒包括CMV，HSV-1，HSV-2，EBV，VZV。临床研究仅限于对巨细胞病毒感染患者疗效的评价。